If you’re a homeowner or looking to buy a home, insuring your property is critical to protecting your investment—and if you’re getting a mortgage, it’s a must.  It can be daunting trying to navigate the many options available to you.  What does your policy cover…and what isn’t covered?  What does the insurance company provide if your property is damaged or destroyed?  Recently, the National Association of REALTORS^® released this helpful guide on understanding the ins and outs of homeowners insurance.  Here is a quick rundown of what you need to know…

How does property insurance work?

For certain unexpected events that cause a loss to your home or property, homeowner’s insurance can cover the cost to repair/rebuild the property and other structures like fences or garages. Most policies also cover personal belongings within the home, legal/medical fees for accidents occurring on the property, and temporary housing if a covered event (like a house fire) makes your home uninhabitable.

What losses are covered?

Your insurance policy will list the specific “perils” that are covered. The most common type of policy covers both the structure and personal assets for losses from house fires, storms, freezing, theft, vandalism, and sudden plumbing bursts—this is known as a HO-3 or “Special Form” policy. Most policies don’t cover earthquakes or natural floods (although you can get additional policies for those perils).

Is insurance required?

There are no laws requiring you to maintain homeowners insurance. However, most lenders require it for the duration of your mortgage. Required or not, it’s generally a good idea to protect your assets (especially if you have a lot of equity in your home).

What is the cost, and how is it paid?

As with many costs, insurance premiums are on the rise throughout the country (here’s how much, where, and why). Your individual policy’s cost will be based on your home’s age, size, condition, location, and other factors like whether you have a security system or have added on additional coverage. You may have the option to pay the premium annually or break it into smaller payments. If you have a mortgage, the lender usually collects a monthly “escrow” payment that they keep in an account to pay the insurance premiums and property taxes from on your behalf.

What happens in the event of a loss?

Most insurers will cover “replacement cost”—the amount needed to buy a new, comparable version of what you lost up to a dollar limit specified in the policy. It’s important to understand that replacement cost is not the same as market value; you’ll be compensated for the actual cost to repair/rebuild/replace your home regardless of what you paid for it or what you could sell it for. Typically the insurer will reimburse you to have your home repaired or replaced with comparable quality if it’s insured to at least 80% of it’s replacement cost, less any deductible that your policy has.

Alternatively, “actual cash value” is the current value of an item that depreciates over time or with use (often used for replacing personal or under-insured property). For example, if you paid $2,000 for your new couch but now it’s only worth $1,000 due to normal wear and tear, your insurer will only pay $1,000 less the deductible. You may choose to upgrade your personal property coverage to replacement cost instead for an extra fee.

For extra peace of mind, you can also purchase an extended replacement cost policy that provides extra coverage up to a set percentage above the policy limit. This can protect you if your home costs more than anticipated to rebuild.

Are the premiums tax deductible?

The short answer is no, unless you run a business from your home or it’s a rental property. However, you may be able to claim a casualty loss deduction if you suffered a loss due to a federally declared disaster (but check in with your tax pro for advice specific to your situation).

Because laws vary from state to state, it’s important to do your homework if you’re purchasing a home in an unfamiliar area. You can either connect with me or your attorney for advice.

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